[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.ostaco.cz\/exoticka-historie-japonska\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.ostaco.cz\/exoticka-historie-japonska\/","headline":"Exotick\u00e1 historie Japonska","name":"Exotick\u00e1 historie Japonska","description":"Japonsko, jako st\u00e1t i jako spole\u010dnost je unik\u00e1tn\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee velkou \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00fdch d\u011bjin se nach\u00e1zelo v&nbsp;t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 naprost\u00e9 izolaci od okoln\u00edho sv\u011bta, o to d\u016fkladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u017ee je tvo\u0159\u00ed ostrovy. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je v\u0161ak japonsk\u00e9 souostrov\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00e9 a \u00farodn\u00e9, aby u\u017eivilo... <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ostaco.cz\/exoticka-historie-japonska\/\">Pokra\u010dovat ve \u010dten\u00ed &rarr;<\/a>","datePublished":"2019-11-10","dateModified":"2023-05-07","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.ostaco.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.ostaco.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/69bd9b72104e3ccfb6214cbd23cb226f96c6ecf33a2a351fa1d4682235118df3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/69bd9b72104e3ccfb6214cbd23cb226f96c6ecf33a2a351fa1d4682235118df3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"ostaco.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.ostaco.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a361198_w3822_t1574581471.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.ostaco.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a361198_w3822_t1574581471.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.ostaco.cz\/exoticka-historie-japonska\/","about":["Spole\u010dnosti"],"wordCount":640,"articleBody":"Japonsko, jako st\u00e1t i jako spole\u010dnost je unik\u00e1tn\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee velkou \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00fdch d\u011bjin se nach\u00e1zelo v&nbsp;t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 naprost\u00e9 izolaci od okoln\u00edho sv\u011bta, o to d\u016fkladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u017ee je tvo\u0159\u00ed ostrovy. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je v\u0161ak japonsk\u00e9 souostrov\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00e9 a \u00farodn\u00e9, aby u\u017eivilo lidnatou a vysp\u011blou kulturu.V&nbsp;obdob\u00ed starov\u011bku a ran\u00e9ho st\u0159edov\u011bku vznikl prvn\u00ed jednotn\u00fd Japonsk\u00fd st\u00e1t, z\u0159ejm\u011b jako v\u0161ude jinde jej vytvo\u0159il nejbojovn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nej\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed klan v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk\u016f kter\u00fd si postupn\u011b podrobil okoln\u00ed primitivn\u00ed kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed\u010dka.Inspirov\u00e1n imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010c\u00ednou si v\u016fdce tohoto klanu, kter\u00fd si vybojoval pozici nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edho mezi siln\u00fdmi za\u010dal \u0159\u00edkat c\u00edsa\u0159, syn bohyn\u011b slunce Amaterasu. Z&nbsp;po\u010d\u00e1tku Japonci z&nbsp;\u010c\u00ednou \u010dile obchodovali a p\u0159eb\u00edrali i jej\u00ed kulturn\u00ed a politick\u00e9 vzory. Japon\u0161t\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159ov\u00e9 se rovn\u011b\u017e sna\u017eili vybudovat centralizovan\u00fd byrokratick\u00fd syst\u00e9m a arm\u00e1du, ale na rozd\u00edl od \u010c\u00edny se jim to p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nevyda\u0159ilo. V&nbsp;jednotliv\u00fdch regionech si st\u00e1le udr\u017eovali zna\u010dnou moc m\u00edstn\u00ed vojen\u0161t\u00ed v\u016fdci, z&nbsp;velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti potomci n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed lok\u00e1ln\u00edch nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch monarch\u016f.Nakonec asi v&nbsp;8. stolet\u00ed nl. Se japonsk\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fd dv\u016fr rozhodl zru\u0161it povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 odvody pro roln\u00edky, jeliko\u017e hospod\u00e1\u0159sky ruinovaly venkov, a nav\u00edc arm\u00e1dy n\u00e1sil\u00edm odveden\u00fdch branc\u016f s&nbsp;velice n\u00edzkou motivac\u00ed bojovat za c\u00edsa\u0159e \u0161ly od por\u00e1\u017eky k&nbsp;por\u00e1\u017ece. M\u00edsto toho se c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed rozhodlo v\u00edce zapojit do st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy m\u00edstn\u00ed feud\u00e1ly, s&nbsp;pomoc\u00ed ud\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed dvorsk\u00fd a \u00fa\u0159ednick\u00fdch titul\u016f, nebo i s\u0148atkov\u00e9 politiky je p\u0159ipoutat t\u011bsn\u011bji k&nbsp;vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 dynastii. Vojensky se tak c\u00edsa\u0159 stal z\u00e1visl\u00fd na loajalit\u011b jednotliv\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk\u016f, p\u0159edch\u016fdc\u016f mocn\u00fdch samurajsk\u00fdch klan\u016f. P\u0159esto se je\u0161t\u011b po stalet\u00ed da\u0159ilo c\u00edsa\u0159i, udr\u017eovat si rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed vl\u00e1dn\u00ed moc t\u00edm, \u017ee dovedl jednotliv\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dnick\u00e9 rody stav\u011bt proti sob\u011b a nechal je bojovat o svou p\u0159\u00edze\u0148. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b ve 12. stolet\u00ed tato politika p\u0159estala fungovat, m\u00edstn\u00ed vojen\u0161t\u00ed n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edci toti\u017e sv\u00e9 dvorsk\u00e9 tituly a \u00fa\u0159ednick\u00e9 funkce bez skrupul\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvali p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k&nbsp;pos\u00edlen\u00ed moci sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch klan\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e \u010dasto a sv\u00e9voln\u011b bojovali mezi sebou bez ohledu na c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 z\u00e1kazy. Tak se stalo to, co se st\u00e1t muselo.V&nbsp;pr\u016fb\u011bhu stalet\u00ed siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pohltili slab\u0161\u00ed, a\u017e nakonec zbyly dva nejmocn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed klany Tairov\u00e9 a Minamotov\u00e9. Moment\u00e1ln\u00ed pom\u011br sil mezi t\u011bmito klany v podstat\u011b ur\u010doval politiku c\u00edsa\u0159e. Tairov\u00e9 si b\u011bhem nepokoj\u016f tvrd\u00fdm z\u00e1sahem proti vzbou\u0159en\u00fdm budhistick\u00fdm mnich\u016fm ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00edm c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fd dv\u016fr z\u00edskali vd\u011b\u010dnost a n\u00e1klonnost c\u00edsa\u0159e a pomoc\u00ed s\u0148atk\u016f postupn\u011b prorostli do c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 rodiny, z\u00edskali d\u011bdi\u010dn\u011b titul prvn\u00edho ministra a fakticky se stali vojensk\u00fdmi dikt\u00e1tory Japonska. Minamotov\u00e9 si ov\u0161em toto odstaven\u00ed od moci nenechali l\u00edbit a proti Tair\u016fm povstali. Po po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch por\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1ch se jim poda\u0159ilo zv\u00edt\u011bzit v&nbsp;rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed bitv\u011b a Tairy zni\u010dit. V\u016fdce klanu Minamoto se pak prohl\u00e1sil \u0160\u00f3gunem, dosadil na tr\u016fn c\u00edsa\u0159e jako svoji loutku a nastavil syst\u00e9m vl\u00e1dy kter\u00fd v&nbsp;Japonsku p\u0159etrval a\u017e do roku 1868.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.6\/5 - (11 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Exotick\u00e1 historie Japonska","item":"https:\/\/www.ostaco.cz\/exoticka-historie-japonska\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]